{
  "title": "Excel Cheat Sheet: Shortcuts, Formulas & Practice",
  "version": "2026.07.30",
  "updated": "2026-07-30",
  "canonicalUrl": "https://www.exceltool.io/excel-cheat-sheet",
  "sourceUrl": "https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/office/keyboard-shortcuts-in-excel-1798d9d5-842a-42b8-9c99-9b7213f0040f",
  "license": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licenseUrl": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "attribution": "Excel Cheat Sheet by ExcelTool.io - https://www.exceltool.io/excel-cheat-sheet",
  "shortcuts": [
    {
      "id": "save-workbook",
      "category": "File",
      "action": "Save the workbook",
      "windows": "Ctrl+S",
      "mac": "Cmd+S",
      "essential": true
    },
    {
      "id": "open-workbook",
      "category": "File",
      "action": "Open a workbook",
      "windows": "Ctrl+O",
      "mac": "Cmd+O",
      "essential": true
    },
    {
      "id": "new-workbook",
      "category": "File",
      "action": "Create a new workbook",
      "windows": "Ctrl+N",
      "mac": "Cmd+N",
      "essential": true
    },
    {
      "id": "save-as",
      "category": "File",
      "action": "Open Save As",
      "windows": "F12",
      "mac": "Cmd+Shift+S",
      "essential": false
    },
    {
      "id": "print",
      "category": "File",
      "action": "Print the workbook",
      "windows": "Ctrl+P",
      "mac": "Cmd+P",
      "essential": true
    },
    {
      "id": "close-workbook",
      "category": "File",
      "action": "Close the workbook window",
      "windows": "Ctrl+W",
      "mac": "Cmd+W",
      "essential": false
    },
    {
      "id": "copy",
      "category": "Editing",
      "action": "Copy selected cells",
      "windows": "Ctrl+C",
      "mac": "Cmd+C",
      "essential": true
    },
    {
      "id": "cut",
      "category": "Editing",
      "action": "Cut selected cells",
      "windows": "Ctrl+X",
      "mac": "Cmd+X",
      "essential": true
    },
    {
      "id": "paste",
      "category": "Editing",
      "action": "Paste copied cells",
      "windows": "Ctrl+V",
      "mac": "Cmd+V",
      "essential": true
    },
    {
      "id": "paste-special",
      "category": "Editing",
      "action": "Open Paste Special",
      "windows": "Ctrl+Alt+V",
      "mac": "Cmd+Ctrl+V",
      "essential": true,
      "note": "On Mac, Ctrl+Option+V and Cmd+Option+V are also documented."
    },
    {
      "id": "undo",
      "category": "Editing",
      "action": "Undo the last action",
      "windows": "Ctrl+Z",
      "mac": "Cmd+Z",
      "essential": true
    },
    {
      "id": "redo",
      "category": "Editing",
      "action": "Redo the last action",
      "windows": "Ctrl+Y",
      "mac": "Cmd+Y",
      "essential": true,
      "note": "Cmd+Shift+Z is also documented on Mac."
    },
    {
      "id": "find",
      "category": "Editing",
      "action": "Find text or values",
      "windows": "Ctrl+F",
      "mac": "Cmd+F",
      "essential": true
    },
    {
      "id": "replace",
      "category": "Editing",
      "action": "Find and replace",
      "windows": "Ctrl+H",
      "mac": "Ctrl+H",
      "essential": true,
      "note": "Cmd+Shift+H is also documented on Mac."
    },
    {
      "id": "delete-cell-contents",
      "category": "Editing",
      "action": "Clear selected cell contents",
      "windows": "Delete",
      "mac": "Delete",
      "essential": true
    },
    {
      "id": "fill-down",
      "category": "Editing",
      "action": "Fill the top cell down",
      "windows": "Ctrl+D",
      "mac": "Cmd+D",
      "essential": true
    },
    {
      "id": "fill-right",
      "category": "Editing",
      "action": "Fill the left cell right",
      "windows": "Ctrl+R",
      "mac": "Cmd+R",
      "essential": false
    },
    {
      "id": "insert-cells",
      "category": "Editing",
      "action": "Insert cells, rows, or columns",
      "windows": "Ctrl+Shift+=",
      "mac": "Ctrl+Shift+=",
      "essential": true
    },
    {
      "id": "delete-cells",
      "category": "Editing",
      "action": "Delete cells, rows, or columns",
      "windows": "Ctrl+-",
      "mac": "Cmd+-",
      "essential": true
    },
    {
      "id": "go-to",
      "category": "Navigation",
      "action": "Open the Go To dialog",
      "windows": "Ctrl+G",
      "mac": "Ctrl+G",
      "essential": true
    },
    {
      "id": "start-of-sheet",
      "category": "Navigation",
      "action": "Move to the start of the sheet",
      "windows": "Ctrl+Home",
      "mac": "Ctrl+Home",
      "essential": true,
      "note": "On a MacBook, use Ctrl+Fn+Left Arrow."
    },
    {
      "id": "last-used-cell",
      "category": "Navigation",
      "action": "Move to the last used cell",
      "windows": "Ctrl+End",
      "mac": "Ctrl+End",
      "essential": true,
      "note": "On a MacBook, use Ctrl+Fn+Right Arrow."
    },
    {
      "id": "edge-of-data",
      "category": "Navigation",
      "action": "Jump to the edge of a data region",
      "windows": "Ctrl+Arrow",
      "mac": "Cmd+Arrow",
      "essential": true
    },
    {
      "id": "next-sheet",
      "category": "Navigation",
      "action": "Move to the next worksheet",
      "windows": "Ctrl+Page Down",
      "mac": "Option+Right Arrow",
      "essential": true
    },
    {
      "id": "previous-sheet",
      "category": "Navigation",
      "action": "Move to the previous worksheet",
      "windows": "Ctrl+Page Up",
      "mac": "Option+Left Arrow",
      "essential": true
    },
    {
      "id": "one-screen-right",
      "category": "Navigation",
      "action": "Move one screen to the right",
      "windows": "Alt+Page Down",
      "mac": "Option+Page Down",
      "essential": false
    },
    {
      "id": "one-screen-left",
      "category": "Navigation",
      "action": "Move one screen to the left",
      "windows": "Alt+Page Up",
      "mac": "Option+Page Up",
      "essential": false
    },
    {
      "id": "edit-active-cell",
      "category": "Data entry",
      "action": "Edit the active cell",
      "windows": "F2",
      "mac": "F2",
      "essential": true
    },
    {
      "id": "complete-entry",
      "category": "Data entry",
      "action": "Complete an entry and move down",
      "windows": "Enter",
      "mac": "Return",
      "essential": true
    },
    {
      "id": "same-entry-range",
      "category": "Data entry",
      "action": "Enter the same value in selected cells",
      "windows": "Ctrl+Enter",
      "mac": "Cmd+Return",
      "essential": false
    },
    {
      "id": "line-break",
      "category": "Data entry",
      "action": "Start a new line inside a cell",
      "windows": "Alt+Enter",
      "mac": "Option+Return",
      "essential": true
    },
    {
      "id": "current-date",
      "category": "Data entry",
      "action": "Insert the current date",
      "windows": "Ctrl+;",
      "mac": "Ctrl+;",
      "essential": true
    },
    {
      "id": "current-time",
      "category": "Data entry",
      "action": "Insert the current time",
      "windows": "Ctrl+Shift+:",
      "mac": "Cmd+;",
      "essential": false
    },
    {
      "id": "hyperlink",
      "category": "Data entry",
      "action": "Insert a hyperlink",
      "windows": "Ctrl+K",
      "mac": "Cmd+K",
      "essential": false
    },
    {
      "id": "copy-value-above",
      "category": "Data entry",
      "action": "Copy the value from the cell above",
      "windows": "Ctrl+Shift+\"",
      "mac": "Ctrl+Shift+\"",
      "essential": false
    },
    {
      "id": "copy-formula-above",
      "category": "Data entry",
      "action": "Copy the formula from the cell above",
      "windows": "Ctrl+'",
      "mac": "Ctrl+'",
      "essential": false
    },
    {
      "id": "format-cells",
      "category": "Formatting",
      "action": "Open Format Cells",
      "windows": "Ctrl+1",
      "mac": "Cmd+1",
      "essential": true
    },
    {
      "id": "bold",
      "category": "Formatting",
      "action": "Apply or remove bold",
      "windows": "Ctrl+B",
      "mac": "Cmd+B",
      "essential": true
    },
    {
      "id": "italic",
      "category": "Formatting",
      "action": "Apply or remove italic",
      "windows": "Ctrl+I",
      "mac": "Cmd+I",
      "essential": false
    },
    {
      "id": "underline",
      "category": "Formatting",
      "action": "Apply or remove underline",
      "windows": "Ctrl+U",
      "mac": "Cmd+U",
      "essential": false
    },
    {
      "id": "strikethrough",
      "category": "Formatting",
      "action": "Apply or remove strikethrough",
      "windows": "Ctrl+5",
      "mac": "Cmd+Shift+X",
      "essential": false
    },
    {
      "id": "general-format",
      "category": "Formatting",
      "action": "Apply General number format",
      "windows": "Ctrl+Shift+~",
      "mac": "Ctrl+Shift+~",
      "essential": false
    },
    {
      "id": "currency-format",
      "category": "Formatting",
      "action": "Apply Currency number format",
      "windows": "Ctrl+Shift+$",
      "mac": "Ctrl+Shift+$",
      "essential": true
    },
    {
      "id": "percentage-format",
      "category": "Formatting",
      "action": "Apply Percentage number format",
      "windows": "Ctrl+Shift+%",
      "mac": "Ctrl+Shift+%",
      "essential": true
    },
    {
      "id": "date-format",
      "category": "Formatting",
      "action": "Apply Date number format",
      "windows": "Ctrl+Shift+#",
      "mac": "Ctrl+Shift+#",
      "essential": false
    },
    {
      "id": "time-format",
      "category": "Formatting",
      "action": "Apply Time number format",
      "windows": "Ctrl+Shift+@",
      "mac": "Ctrl+Shift+@",
      "essential": false
    },
    {
      "id": "number-format",
      "category": "Formatting",
      "action": "Apply Number format",
      "windows": "Ctrl+Shift+!",
      "mac": "Ctrl+Shift+!",
      "essential": false
    },
    {
      "id": "create-table",
      "category": "Formatting",
      "action": "Create a table",
      "windows": "Ctrl+T",
      "mac": "Cmd+T",
      "essential": true
    },
    {
      "id": "select-column",
      "category": "Selection",
      "action": "Select the entire column",
      "windows": "Ctrl+Space",
      "mac": "Ctrl+Space",
      "essential": true
    },
    {
      "id": "select-row",
      "category": "Selection",
      "action": "Select the entire row",
      "windows": "Shift+Space",
      "mac": "Shift+Space",
      "essential": true
    },
    {
      "id": "select-region",
      "category": "Selection",
      "action": "Select the current data region",
      "windows": "Ctrl+A",
      "mac": "Cmd+A",
      "essential": true
    },
    {
      "id": "extend-one-cell",
      "category": "Selection",
      "action": "Extend the selection by one cell",
      "windows": "Shift+Arrow",
      "mac": "Shift+Arrow",
      "essential": false
    },
    {
      "id": "extend-edge",
      "category": "Selection",
      "action": "Extend selection to the edge of data",
      "windows": "Ctrl+Shift+Arrow",
      "mac": "Cmd+Shift+Arrow",
      "essential": true
    },
    {
      "id": "select-to-start",
      "category": "Selection",
      "action": "Extend selection to the start of the sheet",
      "windows": "Ctrl+Shift+Home",
      "mac": "Ctrl+Shift+Home",
      "essential": false
    },
    {
      "id": "select-to-last-used",
      "category": "Selection",
      "action": "Extend selection to the last used cell",
      "windows": "Ctrl+Shift+End",
      "mac": "Ctrl+Shift+End",
      "essential": false
    },
    {
      "id": "toggle-filter",
      "category": "Data",
      "action": "Turn filters on or off",
      "windows": "Ctrl+Shift+L",
      "mac": "Ctrl+Shift+L",
      "essential": true
    },
    {
      "id": "open-filter-menu",
      "category": "Data",
      "action": "Open the active filter list",
      "windows": "Alt+Down Arrow",
      "mac": "Option+Down Arrow",
      "essential": true
    },
    {
      "id": "sort",
      "category": "Data",
      "action": "Open the Sort dialog",
      "windows": "Alt+A, S, S",
      "mac": "Cmd+Shift+R",
      "essential": false,
      "note": "The Windows keys are pressed in sequence."
    },
    {
      "id": "flash-fill",
      "category": "Data",
      "action": "Run Flash Fill",
      "windows": "Ctrl+E",
      "mac": "Ctrl+E",
      "essential": true
    },
    {
      "id": "refresh-data",
      "category": "Data",
      "action": "Refresh external data",
      "windows": "Ctrl+Alt+F5",
      "mac": "Cmd+Ctrl+F5",
      "essential": false
    },
    {
      "id": "show-formulas",
      "category": "Formulas",
      "action": "Show or hide formulas",
      "windows": "Ctrl+`",
      "mac": "Ctrl+`",
      "essential": true
    },
    {
      "id": "absolute-reference",
      "category": "Formulas",
      "action": "Cycle absolute and relative references",
      "windows": "F4",
      "mac": "Cmd+T",
      "essential": true
    },
    {
      "id": "insert-function",
      "category": "Formulas",
      "action": "Open Insert Function or Formula Builder",
      "windows": "Shift+F3",
      "mac": "Shift+F3",
      "essential": false
    },
    {
      "id": "autosum",
      "category": "Formulas",
      "action": "Insert an AutoSum formula",
      "windows": "Alt+=",
      "mac": "Cmd+Shift+T",
      "essential": true
    },
    {
      "id": "calculate-workbooks",
      "category": "Formulas",
      "action": "Calculate all open workbooks",
      "windows": "F9",
      "mac": "F9",
      "essential": false
    },
    {
      "id": "calculate-active-sheet",
      "category": "Formulas",
      "action": "Calculate the active worksheet",
      "windows": "Shift+F9",
      "mac": "Shift+F9",
      "essential": false
    },
    {
      "id": "new-sheet",
      "category": "Workbook",
      "action": "Insert a new worksheet",
      "windows": "Shift+F11",
      "mac": "Shift+F11",
      "essential": true
    },
    {
      "id": "spell-check",
      "category": "Workbook",
      "action": "Check spelling",
      "windows": "F7",
      "mac": "F7",
      "essential": false
    },
    {
      "id": "add-note",
      "category": "Workbook",
      "action": "Add or edit a cell note",
      "windows": "Shift+F2",
      "mac": "Shift+F2",
      "essential": false
    },
    {
      "id": "add-comment",
      "category": "Workbook",
      "action": "Add a threaded comment",
      "windows": "Ctrl+Shift+F2",
      "mac": "Cmd+Shift+F2",
      "essential": false
    },
    {
      "id": "define-name",
      "category": "Workbook",
      "action": "Define a name",
      "windows": "Alt+M, M, D",
      "mac": "Cmd+F3",
      "essential": false,
      "note": "The Windows keys are pressed in sequence."
    }
  ],
  "formulas": [
    {
      "name": "SUM",
      "category": "Math",
      "purpose": "Add values",
      "syntax": "=SUM(number1, [number2], ...)",
      "example": "=SUM(B2:B10)",
      "tip": "SUM ignores text and blank cells.",
      "href": "/excel-functions/sum"
    },
    {
      "name": "AVERAGE",
      "category": "Math",
      "purpose": "Calculate the arithmetic mean",
      "syntax": "=AVERAGE(number1, [number2], ...)",
      "example": "=AVERAGE(B2:B10)",
      "tip": "Blank cells are ignored; zero values are included.",
      "href": "/excel-functions/average"
    },
    {
      "name": "SUMIF",
      "category": "Math",
      "purpose": "Add values that meet one condition",
      "syntax": "=SUMIF(range, criteria, [sum_range])",
      "example": "=SUMIF(A2:A20, \"West\", B2:B20)",
      "tip": "Use SUMIFS when you need multiple conditions.",
      "href": "/excel-functions/sumif"
    },
    {
      "name": "SUMIFS",
      "category": "Math",
      "purpose": "Add values that meet several conditions",
      "syntax": "=SUMIFS(sum_range, criteria_range1, criteria1, ...)",
      "example": "=SUMIFS(C2:C20, A2:A20, \"West\", B2:B20, \">100\")",
      "tip": "SUMIFS puts the sum range first; SUMIF puts it last.",
      "href": "/excel-functions/sumifs"
    },
    {
      "name": "COUNTIF",
      "category": "Math",
      "purpose": "Count cells that meet one condition",
      "syntax": "=COUNTIF(range, criteria)",
      "example": "=COUNTIF(C2:C100, \"Complete\")",
      "tip": "Wildcards work: * matches any text and ? matches one character.",
      "href": "/excel-functions/countif"
    },
    {
      "name": "COUNTIFS",
      "category": "Math",
      "purpose": "Count rows that meet several conditions",
      "syntax": "=COUNTIFS(criteria_range1, criteria1, ...)",
      "example": "=COUNTIFS(A2:A50, \"West\", B2:B50, \">100\")",
      "tip": "Every criteria range must be the same size.",
      "href": "/excel-functions/countifs"
    },
    {
      "name": "IF",
      "category": "Logic",
      "purpose": "Return one result when true and another when false",
      "syntax": "=IF(logical_test, value_if_true, value_if_false)",
      "example": "=IF(B2>=70, \"Pass\", \"Review\")",
      "tip": "Use AND or OR inside the logical test for multiple rules.",
      "href": "/excel-functions/if"
    },
    {
      "name": "IFERROR",
      "category": "Logic",
      "purpose": "Replace formula errors with a fallback",
      "syntax": "=IFERROR(value, value_if_error)",
      "example": "=IFERROR(A2/B2, 0)",
      "tip": "Do not hide errors until you understand their cause.",
      "href": "/excel-functions/iferror"
    },
    {
      "name": "XLOOKUP",
      "category": "Lookup",
      "purpose": "Find a match and return a related value",
      "syntax": "=XLOOKUP(lookup_value, lookup_array, return_array, [if_not_found])",
      "example": "=XLOOKUP(E2, A2:A100, C2:C100, \"Not found\")",
      "tip": "Unlike VLOOKUP, XLOOKUP can return values from either side.",
      "href": "/excel-functions/xlookup"
    },
    {
      "name": "VLOOKUP",
      "category": "Lookup",
      "purpose": "Find a value in the first column of a table",
      "syntax": "=VLOOKUP(lookup_value, table_array, col_index_num, [range_lookup])",
      "example": "=VLOOKUP(E2, A2:C100, 3, FALSE)",
      "tip": "Use FALSE for an exact match unless you deliberately need approximate matching.",
      "href": "/excel-functions/vlookup"
    },
    {
      "name": "INDEX",
      "category": "Lookup",
      "purpose": "Return a value by its row and column position",
      "syntax": "=INDEX(array, row_num, [column_num])",
      "example": "=INDEX(C2:C100, MATCH(E2, A2:A100, 0))",
      "tip": "Pair INDEX with MATCH for a flexible lookup in older Excel versions.",
      "href": "/excel-functions/index"
    },
    {
      "name": "MATCH",
      "category": "Lookup",
      "purpose": "Return the position of a matching value",
      "syntax": "=MATCH(lookup_value, lookup_array, [match_type])",
      "example": "=MATCH(E2, A2:A100, 0)",
      "tip": "Use 0 for an exact match.",
      "href": "/excel-functions/match"
    },
    {
      "name": "TEXTJOIN",
      "category": "Text",
      "purpose": "Join text with a chosen delimiter",
      "syntax": "=TEXTJOIN(delimiter, ignore_empty, text1, ...)",
      "example": "=TEXTJOIN(\", \", TRUE, A2:C2)",
      "tip": "Set ignore_empty to TRUE to skip blank cells.",
      "href": "/excel-functions/textjoin"
    },
    {
      "name": "CONCAT",
      "category": "Text",
      "purpose": "Combine text from several cells or ranges",
      "syntax": "=CONCAT(text1, [text2], ...)",
      "example": "=CONCAT(A2, \" \", B2)",
      "tip": "Use TEXTJOIN when you need a separator inserted automatically.",
      "href": "/excel-functions/concat"
    },
    {
      "name": "LEFT / RIGHT / MID",
      "category": "Text",
      "purpose": "Extract characters from text",
      "syntax": "=LEFT(text, [num_chars])",
      "example": "=LEFT(A2, 3)",
      "tip": "Use MID when the text you need begins in the middle of a value.",
      "href": "/excel-functions/left-right-mid"
    },
    {
      "name": "TRIM",
      "category": "Text",
      "purpose": "Remove extra spaces from text",
      "syntax": "=TRIM(text)",
      "example": "=TRIM(A2)",
      "tip": "TRIM keeps single spaces between words.",
      "href": "/excel-functions/trim"
    },
    {
      "name": "TODAY",
      "category": "Date",
      "purpose": "Return the current date",
      "syntax": "=TODAY()",
      "example": "=TODAY()-A2",
      "tip": "TODAY recalculates when the workbook recalculates.",
      "href": "/excel-functions/today"
    },
    {
      "name": "DATEDIF",
      "category": "Date",
      "purpose": "Calculate elapsed years, months, or days",
      "syntax": "=DATEDIF(start_date, end_date, unit)",
      "example": "=DATEDIF(A2, TODAY(), \"y\")",
      "tip": "Use y, m, or d for complete years, months, or days.",
      "href": "/excel-functions/datedif"
    },
    {
      "name": "AVERAGEIF",
      "category": "Math",
      "purpose": "Average values that meet a condition",
      "syntax": "=AVERAGEIF(range, criteria, [average_range])",
      "example": "=AVERAGEIF(A2:A20, \"West\", B2:B20)",
      "tip": "The criteria and average ranges should be the same size.",
      "href": "/excel-functions/averageif"
    }
  ]
}